Surface-to-Volume Ratio Affects the Toxicity of Nanoinks in Daphnids

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has set widely used guidelines that are as a standardized approach assessing toxicity in number of species. Given various studies use different experimental setups, it is difficult to compare findings across them result the lack universally setup nano-ecotoxicology. For freshwater species, Daphnia magna, commonly filter feeding crustacean, can generate significant molecular information response pollutant exposure. One factor an effect induced from nanomaterials daphnids surface-to-volume ratio exposure vessels; however, there limited available about its impact on observed In this study, were exposed silver nanoparticle ink falcon tubes Petri dishes 24 h. Toxicity curves revealed differences mortality daphnids, with animals displaying significantly higher mortality. Differences activities key enzymes involved catabolism macromolecules phosphate also indicating possible mechanism nano-ink. Understanding factors relevant setups ecotoxicology increase reproducibility testing, reduce costs, time, generated waste, research.